From a professional point of view, analyze the installation and debugging precautions of mechanical parts of CNC machine tools.
1. Precautions for installation and debugging of spindle bearing
(1) Installation and debugging of single bearing
When assembling, try to make the eccentricity of the locating hole of the spindle and the diameter of the spindle and the eccentricity of the bearing inner ring and the raceway close to each other, and make the direction opposite, so as to reduce the eccentricity after assembly.
(2) Installation and debugging of two bearings
When installing the spindle bearing with two supports, the eccentricity direction of the front and rear support bearings should be the same, and the size of the eccentricity should be properly selected. The accuracy of the front bearing shall be one grade higher than that of the rear bearing to minimize the eccentricity of the front positioning surface of the spindle components after assembly. When disassembling the spindle bearing for the maintenance machine tool, the original manufacturer has adjusted the eccentric position of the bearing, so it is necessary to mark the circumferential position before disassembly to ensure that the original relative position of the bearing and the spindle remains unchanged after reassembly and reduce the impact on the spindle components.
When assembling the bearing with interference fit, it is required to use the hot or cold installation process to install it. Do not knock it with brute force to avoid damaging the bearing and affecting the machine tool performance during installation.
2. Precautions for installation and debugging of ball screw nut pair
The ball screw nut pair is only used to bear the axial load. The radial force and bending moment will make the ball screw pair produce additional surface contact stress and other adverse loads, which may cause permanent damage to the lead screw. Therefore, when installing the ball screw nut pair to the machine tool, pay attention to:
The ball nut should move within the effective stroke, and the limit must be configured at both ends of the stroke to prevent the nut from breaking away from the lead screw shaft and causing the ball to fall off.
Because the ball screw nut pair has high transmission efficiency and cannot be self-locking, when it is used for vertical transmission, if the weight of the parts is not balanced, it is necessary to prevent reverse transmission caused by the weight of the parts after the transmission stops or the motor loses power. The methods to prevent reverse transmission are available: worm gear and worm drive, electric brake, etc.
The axis of the lead screw must be parallel to the axis of the supporting guide rail, and the center of the bearing seat at both ends of the machine tool and the center of the nut seat must be aligned at three points.
When the ball screw nut pair is installed on the machine tool, do not remove the nut from the screw shaft. If it must be removed, use the auxiliary sleeve, otherwise the ball may fall off during loading and unloading.
When installing the nut into the mounting hole of the nut seat, avoid impact and eccentricity.
In order to prevent chips from entering and wearing the ball screw nut pair, protective devices such as wrinkle protection cover and spiral steel belt protection cover can be added to completely protect the screw shaft. In addition, dust rings can be added at both ends of the screw nut when there is much dust.
3. Precautions for installation and debugging of linear rolling guide
(1) Handle with care during installation to avoid impact on the straight-line accuracy of the guide rail.
(2) It is not allowed to remove the slider from the guide rail or push it back after exceeding the stroke. If the slider needs to be removed due to installation difficulties, the guide rail shall be used.
(3) When the linear rolling guide rail is used in pairs, it is divided into the main guide rail pair and the auxiliary guide rail pair. First, install the main guide rail pair, set the reference side of the guide rail close to the reference side of the installation step, tighten the installation bolts, and then align and install the auxiliary guide rail pair with the main guide rail pair as the reference. Alignment refers to the parallelism and flatness of two guide rail pairs. Finally, tighten the fastening bolts of the sliding block in turn.
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